Well, I finally found the problem when I got home. It was a digital signature conflict on the hard drives, between the two Western Digital MyBook. When I accessed the device manager, I saw that it recognized it but was disabled for that reason, and doing a quick search, it seems to be a common issue in Windows 7.
Signature Collision: Problem with hard drives in Windows 7
In any case, that last option you mentioned about the back panel I was already considering yesterday. You are referring to this: DeLOCK USB 3.0 19-pin - 2 x USB 3.0-A. I also saw them with PCI Express connection instead of 19 pins to F_USB30, but I don't know if there is a difference in transfer speed between both connections: Sharkoon USB3.0 Host Controller Card PCI Express - PCI Express Card. Especially because, since I have to place an order, I don't want to have to pay shipping costs in two places.
Edit: Well, after researching a bit, the answer is yes. The bandwidth of PCI-E 1x is much lower than that of USB 3.0, although slightly higher than that of USB 2.0, so I will reserve this expansion to look for it in a physical store.